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The Point of Novelty Test
"The accused device must appropriate the novelty in the patented device, which distinguishes it from the prior art."
Ref.(1) LAWMAN ARMOR CORPORATION, v. WINNER INTERNATIONAL, LLC and WINNER HOLDING LLC, 05-1253 Fed. Cir. 2006(pdf)
(2) THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, v. THE HERCULES TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, INC., 97-1199,-1223 Fed. Cir. 1998
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普通の観察者テスト(The Eye of the Ordinary Observer Test)
“従って,われわれは,普通の観察者の視点で,購入者が通常用いるであろう注意を払うことによって,二つの意匠が実質的に同じであり,類似性が普通の観察者を欺いて,あるものが他方のものであると判断して購入するほどである場合には,特許された最初のものが他方のものによって侵害されたことになるとする。”
"If, in the eye of an ordinary observer, giving such attention as a purchaser usually gives, two designs are substantially the same, if the resemblance is such as to deceive such an observer, inducing him to purchase one supposing it to be the other, the first one patented is infringed by the other."
Ref.(1) 添付資料3(pdf, 特許庁)
(2) The Death of Gorham Co. v. White(pdf)
(3) Markman 事件判決によるGorham 事件意匠特許侵害テストの弱化(pdf) P. Saidman,A. Singh, AIPPI(2005)Vol.50 No.4
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